Oil filter



AUS 31 1943. H. Gf ElsL-ER 2,328,131

' onJ FILTER l Filed-Dec.; 5, 193s' 2 sheets-sheetv 2:

mul|

l www@ ATTORNEYS. u

Patented Aug. 31, 1943 UNITED STATES' PATENT OFFICE OIL FILTER Henry G. Eisler, Wilmette, Ill.

Application December 5, 1938, Serial No. 243,937

12 Claims.

A further object is the provision of an arrangement which will give a warning to the driver in the event that the filter cartridge should become plugged with sediment to such an extent as to impede the proper flow of oil.

A further object is to provide anew and improved filter cartridge which is highly eflicient in purifying the oil and which is especially designed to cooperate in the operation of the warning device above referred to.

Other features and the advantages of the invention will be pointed out in the course of the following description, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the complete filter, except for a portion of the filter cartridge which is not shown in section;

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the complete filter and support, showing also the circuit arrangement for the warning signal;

Fig; 3 is a top view of the filter cartridge, with a part of the upper endv closure broken away; and

Figs. 4, 5, and 6 show details of the construction of the filtering element in the filter cartridge.`

Referring to the drawings, the filter can or cartridge comprises a cylindrical metal wall 25, a lower perforated end member or bottom 26, a top `member `33 of peculiar configuration, and a false top or spacer member 32, together with the filtering material which is packed in the cartridge. The main filtering element is a compact roll of filtering material formed in a novel manner which will first be described.

The construction of the above mentioned roll can be readily understood from Figs. 4, 5, and 6.

The reference character 50 indicates a sheet of laminated crepe paper, which is about eight and one-half inches'wicle and several feet long. A suitable material may be purchased on the market under the trade name of Kimpak, and comprises about twenty leaves oi crepe paper rather loosely adhering together. In forming the roll, the sheet 50 is laid out at and a strip of corru-V gated pressed fiber board 5I is placed on top thereof, with the lower edge of the stripof fiber board in alignment with the lower edge of the sheet, as at 53. The sheet 50 is then folded over at 54, 'covering the strip 5I. A second strip 52 of corrugated :liber board is next laid down on the folded-over portion of sheet 50 and the remainder of the sheet is folded at .35 back over the strip 52. In order to retain the parts tem- V porarily, a loose stitching may be employed, as

indicated at 56.

'I'he folded sheet 50 with the inserts 5l and 52 is next wound on a mandrel to form a roll, and after the end is suitably secured, -the complete roll is removed from the mandrel and is ready'for assembly in the cartridge. l

In lling the cartridge, the inside and the botf tom may first be painted with glue or shellac. A layer 21 of coarse fibrous filter material isthen placed in the bottom of the can, after which the rolled up sheet 50 maybe inserted, as shown in Fig. 1. 4The center of the roll is then tightly slightly so that it ts close within. the wall 25 ofthe cartridge, to whichv it adheres. discs 29 of felt are now placed on top ofthe roll, followed by a layer 30 of ground bone, and several more discs of felt 3l. The spacer disc 32 is then inserted, after which the top member 33 may be secured in place by means of a machine which rolls the edge of the top member and the upper edge of the can together in known manner.

The top member 33 has a central raised portion 34, in the center of which there is a single opening Il for the exit of oil. stiiened by ribs 35, seen in Figs. 1 and 3. The

spacer 32 is provided so that the oil, after passing` through the filtering material, will have free access to the opening il, which would not be the case if the filtering material extended into contact with top member 33. A disc of metal gauze could be used in place of the perforateddisc 32.

The filter cartridge is clamped between 4two concave steel stampings 2 and i5, no housing in the usual sense ybeing provided. The whole is supported on a rectangular frame which may be seen clearly in Fig. 2. This frame comprises ends 42 and 43 of U-shaped cross-section, and sides 40 and 4 I, which may be welded to the end pieces. This frame may be supported on or adjacent the motor in any suitable manner.-

Several The top may be v 2 end piece 43 of the frame, being provided with a, transverse channel 20 -to receive it. This stamping also has formed therein a small extension having a vertical wall I6 which is drilled to receive the coupling member I1. This coupling member is secured tothe stamping by means of a nut I9 and provides for connecting the inlet pipe I 8. The pipe 'I8 comes from the oil pressure line of the motor.

The stamping I is formed with an annular ledge 22,. on which the bottom of the filter carfl tridge rests. a gasket 2| being interposed 'to prevent leakage of oil. The space between the bottom of the can andthe bottom of the conn-v cave stamping I5 forms a sump for the accumulation of coarse sediment and impurities. Oil entering the sump from the inlet pipe has access to the filter through the perfcrations in the bottom of the cartridge. n

The upper concave stamping 2 is similar to the lower stamping I5. and has an annular ledge 5 which rests on the upper rim of the cartridge, a

gasket Ill-,being provided at this point also to prevent leakage of oil. As in the -oase of the lower stamping I5, the upper stamping 2 has an extension formed with a vertic'al wall 3 to which the coupling I2 is secured by means of the nut I4. The outlet pipe I3 extends to the crank case oi? the motor.

As previously noted, the filter cartridge is clamped between the two stampings 2 and I5. To accomplish this, the upper end piece 42 has a threaded opening in which the bolt 44 is located. At the end of the bolt there is a member 46 which lies in the depression 4 in theupper stamping 2. When the bolt 44 is screwed down, the member 46 presses the upper stamping vfirmly down against the filter cartridge. The lock nut 45 is provided to prevent the bolt 44 from shaking loose.

The arrangement for actuating the warning signal includes a bronze spring member 8 which is screwed to the upper stamping 2 by means of ra heavy machine screw 6, a nut threaded onto the machine screw, and a pair of insulating washers, as shown in Fig. l. An additional binding post nut 'I is provided for attachment of a conductor. The spring member 8 is tensioned downward and has a flatv portion at the end which is normally in engagement with the top of the cartridge and partially closes the opening II, there being a small opening 9 -in the spring which is in register with opening II. The cartridge is grounded to the frame by means of the .spring 36,4 which is held under the nut- I4 and presses against the top of the cartridge. Fig. 2 shows the circuit arrangement. Conductor v41 extends to the ignition apparatus, and S is the usual ignition switch which connects the ignition circuit with the battery B. One end of conductor 48 is" connected under the binding post 1,

while the other end connects to the signal lamp' L, located on the instrument panel. 'I'he other side of the lamp is connected to the ignition l circuit, as shown.

The operation of the complete lter will now be described. In Figs. 1 and 2 the equipment is shown in normal condition, that is, in its condition when the motor is not running. When the ignition switch is closed, the ignition circuit is completed in the usual manner, and at the same time a circuit is completed for the lamp L, said circuit including the grounded battery B, the switch S, lamp L, conductor 48, spring',

' the cartridge, and the spring 36 to ground( 'Ihe lamp L lights up, therefore, -as soon as the ignition is turned on.

When the motor is 'started up, 'the oil pump develops pressure in the lubricating system, and

' out through the opening AII and the small opening 9 in the spring 8.

Due to the small size of opening 9, however, pressure immediately builds up which forces the spring 8 upward and breaks the circuit of lamp L. The lamp is accordingly extinguished, which advises the operator that oil is flowing through the filter. The oil that passes the filter accumulates in the Aspace above the lter cartridge until it reaches the level of the outlet pipe I2, when it begins to drain back into the crank case: Outlet pipe I3 should have ample capacity so as totake care ofy al1 the oil that can come through.

Describing the filtering action more in detail, the coarser particles of dirt, metal, carbon, etc.,l

are deposited in the sump due to the decreaseV in the velocity of the oil after emerging from the inlet pipe I8. rOther coarse particles, including some of the lighter carbon particles, are inter'- cepted by the layer of brous filtering material 2l. 'I'he principal filtering action, n however, takes place in the roll formed of the laminated sheet 58, which intercepts all the nner impurities.

Referring particularly to Fig.` l, also Fig. 6,

'it will be seen that there are a plurality of vertical channels such as Ell- 63, which are formed by the corrugated strip 5I. These channels are closed at the top by the laminated sheet 58, but are open, at the bottom, and are arrangedin spiral formation within the cartridge. That is, aihorzont'al section of the cartridge would reveal a system comprising a large plurality of these channels in a spiral starting at; the margin of the waste filling 28 and expanding outward to the Wall 25 of the cartridge. There is also a second spiral system of vertical channels such as the channels 64-6'I, which are open at the top and closed at the bottom, and which are formed by the corrugated strip 52. The two channel systems are separated by the laminated After the oil has passed the fibrous material 21, it enters the vertic-al channels Ell-63 and flows upward, lling these channels. As soon as the firstchannel system is lled, pressure develops, which forces the oil through the laminated sheet 50 into the second channel system which .includes channels such as 64--6L The eil reaches the second channel vsystem as clean oil and then passes through the layers of felt 29 and 30 and the intervening layer of ground bone 3D. The

felt layers are provided to retain the groundA bo'ne, which functions to remove the fatty acids A .terin-g area withinva comparatively small space.

The large. iiltering-area enables the filtering material to -pass a large quantity of oil per minute, considerably more than can flow through approach the capacity of the small opening 9 in spring 8. At the point Where the openings can handle all the oil that comes through, the oil will, of course, cease to exert any upward pressure on spring l8. Some time before -this point is reached, however, the tension of the spring will overcome the oil pressure and the tridge having an outlet orifice at one end which L of oil through said orifice and actuated by the.

energy of the oilstream for controlling said sig"- nal. f

2. In combination, a filter cartridge through which a fluidl is forced under pressure, said carlimits the rate of flow, a signal, means for operating said signal, and means actuated and mainspring'wili again come into engagement with the top of the cartridge, re-closing the circuit of lamp L. The driver is thus notified that the filter is not functioning properly and that a new cartridge should be inserted. The relative size of openings Il and 9 and the tension of spring 8 are so adjusted with regard to the life of the lter Cartridge that the lamp L will be lighted as soon as the cartridge has become clogged to an extent which seriously impairs its eiiiciency.

The filter cartridge can be exchanged for a new one at any time in a very simple manner. When the motor is not runnmgthere is no oil tained actuated bythe stream of fluid flowing throughsaid orifice for preventing the operation of said signal.

3. In combination, a filter cartridge containing filtering material through which a fluid is forced under pressure, a chamber in said cartridge for -receiving the fluid after it passes said material,

said chamber having a restricted outlet orifice throughv which the fluidI leaves said chamber,

whereby fluid pressure is created in said chamber when the filtering material is in good condition, a signal,` and means responsive to a fall in the fluid pressure in said chamber due to cloggingl of said filtering material for actuating said signal.

pressure, and the oil in the sump will drain back through inlet pipe I8, except for a small quantity below the l'evel of the pipe. On unscrewing the bolt, the pressure against the cartridge is relieved, and it can readily be broken away from the gasket 2| at the bottom and the gasket I I0 at the top. These gaskets are preferably large enough so that they are retained by the surrounding rims of the stampings I5 and 2. As soon as the seal is broken at the gaskets, the oil above the cartridge will flow ydown the sides thereof into the sump whence it is drained off by' pipe I8. 'Ihe steel stamping 2 may now be raised sufficiently to allow the old cartridge to be removed. 'A new cartridge is then inserted; the steel stampings 2 and l5 are adjusted to the proper position if necessary; and the bolt M is tightened up again.

The new filter described and shown herein has many advantages over prior filters. One of the principal advantages is the reduced cost, which is due in part to the omission of the usual housing, and to the-simplicity of the remaining parts. The filter cartridge is highly efficientl but is nevertheless inexpensive and can be replaced lwith facnity when its Vusefui life has xpired.

Finally, the arrangement of the sig-nal lamp L gives the driver a. continual check on the operation of the filter. This la-mp lights every time when the ignition isv turned on preparatory vto starting the motor and goes out when the motor starts, lighting up again, however, if the filter cartridge should become clogged. This arrangement, therefore, not only constitutes a warning system for giving notice of a defective filter cartridge. but insures that any defect in the warning system itself will be promptly made known to the operator .by the failure of the lamp to light responsive to the closure of the ignition circuit.

I claim:

1. In combination, a filter cartridge having a perforated bottom, means for connecting an oil pressure line with the bottom of said cartridge, a closure member having a restricted orifice at the top of said' cartridge for the exit of oil therefrom, a signal, and means in the path of the flow ,4. In combination, an oil filter cartridge, a

signal, a movable member .normally engagingl said cartridge, and a circuit for said signal including said cartridge and movable member, said cartridge having an orifice for discharging oil from said cartridge against said member, whereby the issuing stream of oil disengages said member from said cartridge and breaks said circuit.I

5. In combination, a filter cartridge containing filtering material through which a fluid is forced under pressure, said cartridge having an outlet orifice through which the fiuid escapes from the cartridge after passing through said material, a,` movable member partially closing said orifice and adapted to be moved so as to open the same by the issuing stream of fluid, and a signal controlled by said movable member.

6. In combination, a filter cartridge containing filtering material through which a liquid is forced nder pressure, said cartridge having an outlet orifice through which the liquid escapes from the cartridge in a continuous stream after passing through said material, and an electrical switch including a movable element mechanically actuated and' maintained actuated by the stream of liquid issuing from said orifice.

'7. For use in a fluid circulating system including a fluid filter and switch means corr-- trolled by the pressure of fluid thereon as it issues from the filter, a filter cartridge containing filtering material, said cartridge having an imperforatecylindrical side wall, a closure for one end having a plurality of inlet perforations therein, and a closure for the other endhaving a restricted outlet opening therein which is too small to pass fluid at the rate which is adapted to be passed by said filtering material, whereby' pressure is built up at said outlet opening for operating said switch means.

8. For use in an oil circulating system including an oil filter and switch means controlled by the pressure of oil thereon as it issuesfrom the filter, a filterfcartridge containing filtering material, a perforated closure member for one end of said cartridge adapted to admit oil faster than it can pass through said material, and a closure member forthe other end of said cartridge having a single outlet opening therein which is so restricted that when oil is forced through said material under pressure a back pressure is built up at a point between the said material and said outlet opening.

9. For use in an oil circulating system including an oil lter and switch means controlled by the pressure'of oil thereon as it issues from the illter, a lter cartridge having a perforated closure member at the intake end, a lling of illtering material, a closure member for the other end having a single outlet opening therein, said outlet opening being small enough so that sufllcient pressure is built up to actuate said switch means, and means for spacing the filtering mate- .rial away from said last mentioned closure member to permit the oil to flow freely toward said outlet opening after passing through said mate rial;

l0. For use in an loil circulating system including an oil lter and switch means controlled by the pressure of oil thereon as it issues from the lter, a filter cartridge having a perforated closure member at the intake end, a filling of ltering material, a closure member for the other end having an outwardly-protruding central portion, and an outlet opening in said protruding portion, said outlet opening being of restricted Size, whereby the velocity of the oil issuing'therefrom is increased sufllciently to operate said switch means.

11. In combination, a illter cartridge containing filtering material through which a liquid is forced under pressure, an outlet oriice through which the liquid escapes from the cartridge after passing through said material, and a switch including a movable closure member for said orice actuated by the flow of liquid therethrough, said member having an opening therein which is in alignment with and smaller than said orlce, wherebythe ow of liquid cannot be wholly shut 01T by said member.

12. In combination, a liquid lter cartridge having a. restricted outlet orice, means forming a chamber to which liquid is delivered by said orice, said means including a removable cover member, and a switch including a movable member mounted on said cover member, said movable member being so located on the cover member that when the sameis assembled with said cartridge the said movable member obstructs the ow of liquid through said orifice and is ac-` tuated by the liquid stream.

' HENRY G. ErsLER. 

